2025
HPV and cervical cancer screening
Category (s):
Santé de la femme
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Welcome
HPV (human papilloma virus) is a sexually transmitted infection. There are about 200 types of HPV, several of which can infect the genitals. Some types of HPV called at high risk are responsible for serious cancers, including:
- Cervical cancer (almost all cases)
- Anal cancer (90%)
- Throat cancer (60 to 73%)
- Cancer of the vulva and vagina (40%)
- Penile cancer (40 to 50%)
Other types, at low risk, cause genital warts.
HPV is the cause of almost all cases of cervical cancer. Thus, the biggest risk factor for developing uterine cancer is having a persistent, high-risk HPV infection. Indeed, this infection can disappear without other specific actions, but it can also last for many years and be the cause of the development of precancerous lesions. These lesions may resolve on their own after several years, but they can also develop and become cancerous.
HPV is transmitted primarily through vaginal, oral, or anal sex, as well as through skin-to-skin contact in the genital area.
In the majority of cases, HPV infection does not cause no symptoms and disappears by itself. However, at an advanced stage or if precancerous lesions develop, some signs may appear:
- Bleeding after sexual intercourse
- Pelvic pain
- Unusual vaginal discharge
In these cases, it is essential to consult a health professional for evaluation and further tests.
Risk factors for HPV infection:
- Start of sexual relations at a young age
- High number of sexual partners
- Partner with several partners
- Unprotected sexual relations
- History of other STBBIs
- Partner carrying HPV
Among people infected with HPV, the main risk factors that favor the progression of the infection to precancerous or cancerous lesions are:
- Persistent high-risk HPV infection
- Weakened immune system (immunosuppression)
- Smoking
Vaccination
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent HPV infection. It is recommended and offered free of charge to children (boys and girls) and adults (men and women) between the ages of 9 and 45 (Cervarix and Gardasil® 9 vaccines).
Condom use
Condom use decreases the risk of transmission, although it does not completely eliminate this risk, as the virus can be found in areas that are not covered (vulva, scrotum, etc.).
Why get tested?
Screening makes it possible to detect an HPV infection or precancerous lesions early, before cancer develops. Precancerous lesions can progress slowly, sometimes over several years.
HPV test vs Pap test
The HPV test has replaced the Pap test in the detection of cervical cancer, because it is more sensitive and allows risky infections to be detected earlier. The sampling method is similar to that of the Pap test.
Recommended frequency
- For women aged 25 to 65 : one HPV test every 5 years, if the result is negative.
- If a Pap test was done before and was normal, the first HPV test can be done 3 years later the latter. The test is voluntary and allows early treatment, increasing the chances of recovery. By combining it with vaccination, the chances of reducing the incidence of cervical cancer are considerably increased.
If the test detects high-risk HPV, further analysis of cervical cells will be performed on the initial sample. Depending on the results, a regular check-up or a gynecological referral may be proposed in order to set up a specific treatment plan. If cancer is diagnosed, a personalized treatment plan will be established, based on the patient's health condition, age and desire for motherhood.
Chez Prenato, we place the well-being of women at the heart of our actions. Our samples for the HPV detection test are taken gently, respectfully and confidentially, in a warm and secure environment. While the test may be uncomfortable for some, it is generally quick, painless, and essential for preventing cancers that may otherwise go unnoticed for years. It is possible to make an appointment at Prenato clinics to perform your HPV detection test.
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